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antigen retrieval immunohistochemistry, formalin fixed paraffin embedded, immunohistochemistry protocol, antigen recovery, antigen retrieval buffer, tissue sections, antigen unmasking, antigen retrieval protocol, antigen retrieval pressure cooker, antigen retrieval microwave, antigen retrieval methods, epitope retrieval, antibody, tissue section, immunohistochemistry, paraffin, formalin, citrate buffer, pathology, ihc
A reliable, time tested solution to unmask antigen on formalin-fixed sections
Aptum Biologics Ltd.
38 Baker's Drove
Southampton
SO16 8AD
United Kingdom
elisa sample dilution buffer
elisa dilution buffer
dilution buffer elisa
lateral flow assay running buffer
assay diluent
diluent buffer
reagent diluent
elisa diluent
specimen diluent
diluent reagent
elisa assay diluent
conjugate diluent
buffer diluent
assay diluent
elisa diluent
elisa sample
assay sample
sample diluent for elisa
assay protein
elisa assay diluent
matrix effects elisa
matrix effects elisa
hama interference
human-anti-mouse-antibodies
Assay Diluents
Sample diluent is, probably, the most important component of the assay, as most of the unwanted influence on the assay outcome usually from the sample. The negative effects include non-specific binding, low-affinity cross-reactivitiy, matrix effects.
Sample diluent should reduce all this interference originating from the sample and negatively affecting the sensitivity and specificity of the assay.
Description & Properties
Our program includes 3 diluent buffers for SAMPLE and one for conjugate. They differ in their properties, so please read the description carefully, choosing the one for your assay.
Sample
Diluent
A classic sample buffer that can be used for sample of antibody dilution in assays which are "trouble-free", without major issues cased by cross-reactivity, matrix effects or background effects (i.e. you have to use high-protein containing sample, such as diluted serum or other fluids). For most of assays we would recommend NXR-Sample Diluent.
NXR-Sample
Diluent
A unique, new generation dilution buffer - antibody and sample diluent mistiming non-specific binding, cross-reactivities, and matrix effects. Reduction of interference from sample diluted in NXR significantly improves the quality of detection of specific signal by your assay.
Using low molecular peptide and non-peptide components the buffer decreases non-specific or low affinity binding of antibodies, negative effects of other interfering substances in the sample, matrix effects, coming from serum or plasma used as a sample.
This diluent is especially valuable for assays measuring the presence of specific antibodies, binding to the antigen on plate, in the serum.
Minimizing all negative effects from the sample, the NXR-Sample diluent greatly improves the reliability of your results and the quality of the assay.
NAB-Sample
Diluent
Ready-to use assay diluent for reduction of interference caused by HAMA (human anti-mouse antibodies), rheumatoid factors, nonspecific binding, cross-reactivities and matrix effects.
NAB-Sample diluent is particularly suitable for human or animal specimens containing HAMA (human anti-mouse antibodies), AAA (anti-animal antibodies) or other high affinity antibodies.
Increased number of chronic autoimmune diseases, allergy and inflammatory disorders, combined with increased sensitivity of most assays has lead to an increased significance of new assay-interfering factors, such as:
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sample HAMA (human anti-mouse antibodies), HAAA (human anti-animal antibodies), heterophilic antibodies and rheumatoid factors from patient samples
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sample albumins, complement, lysozyme, fibrinogen, α-1 Antitrypsin, atypically high lipid-, salt- or sugar concentrations as well as atypical viscosities
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cross-reactivities of components - like fluorescent or enzymatic labels with substances from the sample or to change binding properties of the assay antibodies
NAB-Sample diluent effectively reduces most of this interference, thus improving the sensitivity and specificity of your assay.
NXR-
Conjugate
Diluent (HRP)
The HRP-conjugate diluent reducing the background of your HRP-labelled antibodies used at the last stage of the assay.
This diluent fulfills two functions at once and is recommended for long-time storage of your diluted conjugate (i.e. incorporated into your commercial assay, or other ready-to use assay that you will ship to the site of testing).
In the figure above two identical assay are shown, except that in the first plate the sample was diluted in a standard assay diluent (BSA or BSA and Tween 20- based, whereas in second plate the sample was diluted in NXR-Sample Diluent.
The upper raw (Blue arrows) did not contain specific absorbed molecules, the lower raw (grey arrows) were blanks. By comparing the respective raw of the plates you can see how substantial is the non-specific reaction and non-specific binding of other assay components.Yes, the signal in specific assay wells may be lower in the second plate, but it reflects the true specific signal and relative reactivity of every sample. Without NXR sample diluent the background/non-specific signal is different for every individual vertical raw (different samples), and cannot be simply withdrawn from the measured signal.
Ordering codes
A-Block Ready-to-use 125 ml #AP0517-125
500 ml #AP0517-500
CS-Block Ready-to-use 125 ml #AP0514-125
500 ml #AP0514-500
PF-Block Ready-to-use 125 ml #AP0515-125
500 ml #AP0515-500
NXR-Block Ready-to-use 125 ml #AP0516-125
500 ml #AP0516-500
Using Sample Diluent (general guide)
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Dilute (or titrate with increasing dilutions) your sample in a sample diluent
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add up to 200 mcl (use smaller volume that the volume of blocking solution you have used to block the free binding sites on the plate)
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incubate 1-4 hours at room temperature.